Article Link INTRODUCTION Early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality among very preterm infants.1,2 Prior national evaluations described sepsis incidence and pathogens among US…
Article Link ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES Alcohol and smoking have well-established teratogenic effects; however, despite their frequent co-use during pregnancy, the combined impact on fetal development remains less understood. Facial dysmorphism is…
Article Link INTRODUCTION All clinicians who care for children are likely to interact with Child Protective Services (CPS). In 2024, CPS received an estimated 4 365 000 referrals alleging child abuse and…
Read More from AAP: Supporting the Family Reported to Child Protective Services
Article Link INTRODUCTION Hydrocephalus is a complex neurological condition characterized by derangements in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics including disrupted CSF flow/absorption and/or excess CSF production that leads to ventricular enlargement…
Read More from AAP: Hydrocephalus: Treatment, Current Research, and Challenges
Article Link INTRODUCTION Children and adolescents whose parents have an alcohol or substance use disorder are at increased risk of short- and long-term sequelae, ranging from medical conditions to psychosocial,…
Read More from AAP: Children and Families Affected by Parental Substance Use: Clinical Report
Article Link OBJECTIVE Children born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks’ gestation) are at risk of executive function (EF) difficulties, yet limited longitudinal research has examined how these evolve from early…
Article Link BACKGROUND High-risk infants with significant neonatal-perinatal morbidities often require opioids, but prolonged exposures can impair neurodevelopment. We evaluated the effect of cumulative opioid exposures in the first year…
Article Link ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Routine urine substance screening (USS) in pregnant women for perinatal substance exposure is associated with bias and has limited evidence supporting its use. We evaluated agreement…
Article Link INTRODUCTION A 35-year-old G8P7006 woman at 33 weeks 5 days’ gestation presented with preterm contractions following known measles exposure 12 days earlier from her son. She reported a 4-day history of…
Article Link INTRODUCTION This clinical report addresses recognized knowledge gaps regarding congenital CMV infection (cCMV) in infants and expands on information present in the 2024–2027 Red Book. The clinical report…
Read More from AAP: Care of the Infant With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Clinical Report
Article Link INTRODUCTION Sales of unpasteurized (raw) milk and milk products remain legal in at least 27 US states. Unpasteurized milk and milk products from cows, goats, and sheep continue…
Article Link ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES Preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission are not only extremely stressful for the infant itself but can also impact parental mental health. This…
Read More from AAP: Parent Mental Health From Preterm Birth Through the NICU Stay
Article Link INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract (LRTI) globally and the second leading pathogen to cause infant mortality.1,2 Most deaths occur in low-…
Read More from AAP: Nirsevimab Benefits Beyond the First Year After Birth
Article Link ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) is the predominant opioid in the US drug supply and is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. While prenatal…
Article Link ABSTRACT The United States has an exceptionally high preterm birth rate, which features inequities that impact many Black, Indigenous, and Pacific Islander families. Unconditional perinatal cash transfers, which…
Article Link ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Respiratory distress is a leading cause of admission to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) among late-preterm (LPT) infants. Our objective was to assess whether prophylactic CPAP…
Read More from AAP: Prophylactic CPAP at Cesarean Birth in Late-Preterm Newborns: A Multicenter RCT
Article Link ABSTRACT This clinical report includes strategies for the prevention of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), updates for screening, as well as diagnostic and treatment recommendations….
Article Link ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of pediatric liver disease.1 Following the recommendation for universal neonatal HBV vaccination, acute pediatric HBV in the United States decreased…
Read More from AAP: Downward Trends in Neonatal Hepatitis B Vaccine Uptake: 2021 to 2025
Article Link ABSTRACT Each year in the United States, thousands of families experience the sudden and unexpected loss of an infant (aged <1 year)—a deeply traumatic event that often lacks clear…
Read More from AAP: A Resource to Understand and Prevent Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths
Article Link ABSTRACT CONTEXT Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of cerebral abnormalities. Current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, single-center cohorts, and single time points….
Article Link ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Although both maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F vaccination (RSVpreF) and infant nirsevimab immunization have been approved for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract…
Article Link ABSTRACT In this issue of Pediatrics, Rostad et al1 summarize the interim analysis of the safety and immunologic results of 4 approaches to achieve levels of anti-RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) neutralizing antibodies…
Article Link OBJECTIVE Infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) often experience excessive weight loss while in the hospital after birth. However, the growth patterns of these infants after hospital…
Article Link INTRODUCTION A previously healthy infant presented at several weeks of age with irritability and cutaneous bleeding. Laboratory testing demonstrated a profound coagulopathy with markedly prolonged prothrombin and activated…
Article Link ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy has increased substantially, with illicit fentanyl now the most common illicit opioid. Limited data exist on the impact of antenatal…
Article Link ABSTRACT Newborn screening (NBS) is a public health program that identifies babies with health conditions that need early treatment. Determining benefit of NBS has traditionally focused on outcomes…
Article Link ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine associations between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and the risk of various infections in early childhood. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, register-based cohort study comprising…
Read More from AAP: COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Pregnancy and Risk of Infection in Early Childhood
Article Link ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Congenital syphilis (CS) has reemerged as a critical public health concern in the United States, with rates increasing 10-fold over the past decade. Rising CS cases…
Article Link ABSTRACT Since 1991, the CDC has recommended screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy and universal hepatitis B vaccination of all medically stable infants at birth,…
Article Link ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The birth hospitalization for infants prenatally substance-exposed (IPSEs) is a critical opportunity to connect with families and optimize the transition of care from inpatient to outpatient…